Publishing of Epic Anthology of Ancient Chinese Paintings Underway 一页古画 一页文明

2019-06-21 06:23:54 source: 《文化交流》;林梢青


 

“中国历代绘画大系”是一项规模浩大、纵贯历史、横跨中外的国家级重大文化工程,由浙江大学和浙江省文物局编纂出版。项目首次在全世界范围内对现存自先秦至清代的纸、绢(含帛、绫)、麻等材质中国历代绘画作品,在全面系统的调查、整理、考证基础上拟编纂出版62卷200余册,拟入编绘画作品12250余件(套)。其中国内藏品9000余件(套),国外藏品3250余件(套),许多作品都是长期深藏于海内外文博机构的国宝级文物。

 2018年12月12日,“中国历代绘画大系”(以下简称“大系”)之《先秦汉唐画全集》《明画全集》《清画全集》部分卷册在北京国家图书馆首发,这是“大系”编纂工作的最新成果。

这也是继2008年12月《宋画全集》在北京人民大会堂举行首发仪式之后,“大系”的又一次重要文化活动。

 

A “中国历代绘画大系”卷册。.jpg


“大系”是目前全球范围内最大限度地还原中国古代绘画神韵的高精度、大开本图像文献集成。这部皇皇巨册入编作品丰富,画面精美,题跋、印章清晰,集鉴赏性、学术性、收藏性于一体,为欣赏中国古代绘画,厘清其真伪和流传提供了最清晰、最权威的传世图像,是目前研究中国艺术史和文化史的“百科全书”。

从《宋画全集》始,“大系”编纂、出版工作自2005年启动,至今已历时14年。

今日溯源 “大系”的发端,人们看到的是中国乃至世界绘画艺术的一座高峰——宋画。宋画不仅在中国文化史上具有独特的历史地位,亦在全球影响广泛。97岁的著名书画鉴定家、画家陈佩秋曾谈到:“宋代绘画是我国传统艺术的瑰宝和巅峰,中国绘画的继承和出新离不开对宋画的深入研究。”

然而,“自宋以后,大量宋画为历代皇室内府收藏,至清代尤甚,名家杰作多入宫廷,民间无缘得见。清宫解体百年来,所藏宋画或转入故宫博物院等公家机构,或流转海内外,为博物馆和民间所收藏。由于现代社会和教育的发展,宋画研究渐成古书画研究的一个重要领域,几十年来,海内外出版的宋画籍册虽然不少,但却有许多不足,或收集数量有限、或图像不清、或印刷不良等等。少数出版比较好的宋画图集,也局限于个别的馆藏。”可见,唯有先解决“藏用两难”的问题,让宋画“化身千百”,才能给海内外广大鉴赏研究者带来福音。

《宋画全集》诞生之艰难超乎预想,尤其,还要在同类图像出版物中力求“世界一流”。所以,《宋画全集》采用了图像出版物最理想的技术标准:尽量采用8×10英寸大型技术座机对原作进行拍摄。这一标准对作品收集范围、拍摄精度、印刷装帧质量和出版规模的要求之高,至今仍居于业界一流水平。

为再现图像的最真实面貌,90%以上的收藏单位根据项目组提出的技术标准,组织力量或授权项目组重新拍摄,从而使得一万余件中国历代绘画精品的图像首次高质量面世,这其中的艰难可想而知。故宫博物院前任院长、时任国家文物局局长的单霁翔曾说过:“众所周知,古画最好的保存方式就是尽量不打开,让全国各家博物馆专门为《宋画全集》项目提取镇馆古画拍照是极其困难的。”比如,北京故宫博物院珍藏的《千里江山图》,为防开卷后青绿颜色剥落,已整整封存了17年。为拍摄这张杰作,故宫博物院专门召开院长会议反复商议,最后慎重决定由该院资料信息部主任胡锤亲自组织拍摄,前后整整忙碌了一周多的时间。

《宋画全集》中如《千里江山图》这样的作品何止百幅。当初请求海内外一家又一家文博机构打开库房大门,供一个从未有过往来的项目组拍摄镇馆之宝,其难度可想而知。许多海内外友人怀着对中华优秀传统文化的深厚感情,以及对这一文化工程的高度认同,协作共事,感人事例不胜枚举。

流传最广的便是项目团队四次扛着100多公斤重的设备,到日本黑川古文化研究所拍摄其镇馆之宝、五代董源代表作《寒林重汀图》的故事。存于日本的中国绘画,分散在全日本各地的五六十家收藏机构。经历屡次碰壁后,项目组确定首先争取东京国立博物馆、京都国立博物馆、奈良国立博物馆等具有重要影响力的公立博物馆支持。

2006年,通过中国新闻社日本分社同志的联络,项目组两人扛着设备、爬着山路来到“黑川”。由于对方提供的底片不符合要求,又不同意重新拍摄,谈判在三个小时后失败。项目组没有放弃,第二次按预约又去,依然没有成功。回杭后,项目组又反复去信表明心意。日方终于同意拍摄一张整体图,于是有了2007年第三次黑川之行。为项目组的精神所感动,所长同意在理事会会议上帮助陈述补拍局部画面的理由。2008年7月,项目组四进黑川,终于将所需局部拍摄完成。项目组还通过日本书道教育协会会长、澄怀堂文库顾问出面做工作,最终拍摄到藏于澄怀堂文库的(传)宋代李成《乔松平远图》的一整套图像。

同样,美国波士顿美术馆藏有宋徽宗《五色鹦鹉图》、宋佚名《北齐校书图》、宋赵令穰《湖庄清夏图》、(传)宋范宽《雪山楼阁图》、宋陈容《九龙图》等国宝级名迹。馆内对图像管控之严,甚至包括对画作照片的翻拍。经过多年一次次反复沟通,波士顿美术馆终于允诺向项目组提供4×5英寸胶片拍摄的原始图像,最后又同意按照项目组标准重拍。拍摄完成时,馆方向项目组表示感谢。项目组以为听错了,馆方解释道:“我没有表达错。因为《宋画全集》是全世界学术界共同的期待,你们做了一件有意义的工作。”


 清 石溪 山水四景册(春)藏于克利夫兰艺术博物馆.jpg


《宋画全集》面世后,得到了海内外各方面的高度评价,被认为是继整理出版《全宋词》《全宋诗》《全宋文》等宋代典籍后,迄今为止最完整、最权威的宋代绘画总汇,是一次成功的中华图像文献编纂集成,其史料、学术研究和鉴赏等价值,吸引了国内外许多著名高校、图书馆、博物馆、美术馆以及个人收藏。

清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心主任李学勤教授说:“中国是世界上文献遗留最多的国家,但还有很多东西是不能用文字来体现的,《宋画全集》用图像来展示当时的历史、社会、文化,能在很大程度上弥补文字记载的不足。宋画能够比我们读到的各种当时的经史子集告诉我们更多的东西。中国文化要走向世界,中国的艺术和艺术史方面的精髓也应该走向世界,要对人类作出我们的贡献。”

2010年,《宋画全集》拓展为包括《先秦汉唐画全集》《宋画全集》《元画全集》《明画全集》《清画全集》在内的“中国历代绘画大系”项目。

因为“大系”,大量远隔重洋、分散多年的珍贵图像汇聚到了一起。元朝著名画家王冕以“不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤”一诗而妇孺皆知,《元画全集》收入了他分别藏于北京故宫博物院、上海博物馆、美国克里夫兰艺术博物馆、纽约大都会艺术博物馆和日本宫内厅三之丸尚藏馆的7件(套)作品。

超出排查范围的重要作品也陆续出现。美国佛利尔·赛克勒美术馆收藏有极为丰富的中国古代绘画,经过数年申请、访问和调查,该馆数次提供大批藏品。2013年5月,项目组在该馆库房看藏品时,该馆中国书画部主任安明远又主动提供了计划之外的宋代名画《耕作图》元摹本。这张从未被清晰出版过的画作被迅速拍摄,并赶上了数月后《元画全集》的出版。此外,该馆又热情提供了90件(套)明清藏品的全套高清图像,其中包括著名华裔收藏家王方宇捐赠的55件(套)八大山人书画作品。安明远说:“‘大系’工程令全世界都能清晰完整地了解中国古代书画,我们没有理由不支持它。”

波士顿美术馆部门负责人白珍、白玲安又热情邀请“大系”项目组两次进行学术访问,从近200件(套)明清绘画中选定沈周、朱端、唐寅、文徵明、仇英、董其昌等人90多件(套)名作。此后,该馆花了整整一年多时间,按“大系”的图像标准要求进行拍摄。以往只能到文物库房中查阅的这批绘画佳作,都将首次出现在“大系”中。

在《元画全集》即将出版时,83岁的中国绘画史权威、原美国耶鲁大学教授班宗华先生在给项目组的来信中说:“‘中国历代绘画大系’中已经出版的《宋画全集》,是迄今为止关于辉煌的宋代绘画最重要的出版物,这个‘大系’中的《元画全集》也即将出版。我相信,这两个出版物将成为古典艺术史不可替代的永恒记录。‘大系’这套令人惊叹的精美书籍,对于世界最重要的艺术财富之一的保存、研究以及传播,正在作出无与伦比的贡献。她最终将成为一座纪念碑,标志着全世界的中国艺术和文化研究进入了一个新时代。”


据不完全统计,截至目前,海外已有约145家文化机构藏有《宋画全集》或《元画全集》全套或部分卷册。“大系”无疑是中国的文化使者,将中国传统绘画的多彩与瑰丽清晰地呈现于世界。

在“大系”编纂工作的最新成果中,流散在世界各地中华文化瑰宝正在加速汇聚,包括俄罗斯国立艾尔米塔什博物馆馆藏的202件(套)黑水城图像和386件(套)敦煌图像;大英博物馆馆藏的敦煌藏经洞出土的162件(套)敦煌图像;韩国国立中央博物院藏的120余件(套)中国古代绘画,其中17件(套)就是敦煌藏经洞和新疆吐鲁番流失的唐代绘画。以上珍罕藏品的高清图像皆耗数年之功重新拍摄。

艺术史中的许多谜团有望因此被破解,如古代书画领域的“双胞胎”“多胞胎”现象。比如,冠以文徵明名下的一组构图雷同的立轴《停云馆言别图》,学界通常认为有4件,分别藏于上海博物馆、天津博物馆、台北故宫博物院和日本桥本末吉手中。其实,还有类似的作品存世。2015年4月,德国柏林国家博物馆亚洲艺术馆将闭馆四年进行修建,项目组赶在这之前连续工作半个月,拍摄了120件(套)作品,其中又发现了文徵明类似的作品。他们甚至还拍到了明代画家夏昶创作《湘江春雨》时图上留下的两个清晰指纹。

目前,《先秦汉唐画全集》第一卷(2册),《宋画全集(续编)》(2册),《明画全集》佚名卷(5册)、唐寅卷(2册)、仇英卷(2册)、徐渭卷(3册)已出版。今年还将陆续出版《明画全集》宫廷画家卷(5册)、浙派画家卷(5册)、早期文人画家卷(3册)、沈周卷(5册)、文徵明卷(4册)、陈道复卷(4册)、董其昌卷(4册)、陈洪绶卷(3册)等,《清画全集》王时敏卷(2册)、王鉴卷(3册)、王翬与虞山画派卷(8册)、王原祁与娄东画派卷(7册)、弘仁卷(2册)、石溪卷(2册)、八大山人卷(5册)、石涛卷(8册)、萧云从与姑孰画派卷(1册)、梅清卷(3册)、龚贤卷(3册)、吴昌硕卷(3册)等。随着“大系”的陆续出版,这些埋藏着大量信息密码的作品,必将给各方学者提供新的研究视角。


宋陈容《九龙图》藏于美国波士顿美术馆。.jpg

 


Publishing of Epic Anthology of Ancient Chinese Paintings Underway


December 12, 2018 witnessed the launching of some volumes of A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Pre-Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Ming Dynasty and A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Qing Dynasty. The launching ceremony was held at the China National Library in Beijing.

 

The latest release of the ancient paintings marks the publishing of A Grand Anthology of Paintings of Ancient China, an ambitious cultural project jointly undertaken by Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Cultural Heritage Administration.

 

The university and the administration were not so ambitious at first. It focused upon the unprecedented task of putting together and publishing A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Song Dynasty. The decisions made about the collection determined how the project would go. Most photos already published in the volumes were taken with the 8 x 10 camera and some with the 4 x 5 camera. Paintings are presented not only in whole but also in separate details. Inscriptions and seals on these paintings are also important part of the anthology.   

 

It took professors and photographers about six years and tens of millions of funds to visit more than 100 museums and other institutions to photo more than 1,000 authentic paintings of the Song.

 

There was a reason to focus on the paintings of the Song. The Song (960-11279) was one of a few periods in which culture flourished and became extremely refined. A Complete Collection of Ci-Poetry of the Song Dynasty, A Complete Collection of Poetry of the Song Dynasty, and A Complete Collection of Essay Writings of the Song Dynasty testify to the glory and excellence of the literature of the dynasty. A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Song Dynasty adds to this treasure house.

 

The biggest challenge for the task force was to get permissions from overseas institutional collectors to photo Chinese paintings in their possession. In Japan alone, over fifty institutions have precious paintings of ancient China in their collections. They said no many times to applications for taking photos from the anthology project team. The project team then turned to public museums for breakthroughs and scored successes there. Then the team obtained permissions from non-public institutions. It took about four visits in about two years and many rounds of negotiations for the project to photograph a single painting by Dong Yuan housed at Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures.

 

Since it came out in 2018, the Song collection has caught the worldwide attention of high-learning institutions, libraries, museums and art galleries and individuals. Some scholars have compared this collection with the above mentioned collections of poetries and writings of the Song.

 

宋徽宗《五色鹦鹉图》藏于美国波士顿美术馆。.jpg


With the success of the Song collection, the project team decided to expand the undertaking and include all the available and known ancient Chinese paintings. At present, the project schedules to publish a total of 12,250 pieces (sets) of paintings made on different media such as paper and fabric. Over 9,000 are from domestic collections where over 3,250 are in overseas collections across the world. The epic anthology is the first of its kind in Chinese history. The number of paintings scheduled to be included comprises almost all available and known Chinese paintings of ancient times into volumes classified into different dynasties.

 

The project team has conducted thorough researches at overseas museums. Some museums at first didn’t have a complete knowledge of what were in their storage rooms. With the success of the Song collection, these museums have become willing to open the door to the project. Some were enthusiastic because they saw the significance of the Grand Anthology. The overseas research trips have stumbled upon some ancient paintings that have never been published before. The Freer Gallery of Art provided a large number of Chinese paintings for the project team to examine and photograph. The project team has been invited over to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston to take a look at nearly 200 paintings that go back to the Ming and the Qing respectively. The team decided upon about 90 pieces and sets of paintings by big names such as Shen Zhou, Zhu Duan, Wen Zhengming, Qiu Ying, and Dong Qichang. The museum spent a year photographing these masterpieces at the request of the project team and in compliance with the requirements set by the team.

 

At present, over 145 overseas cultural institutions have taken whole or part of A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Ming Dynasty and A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Qing Dynasty into their collections.

 

The year 2019 will see more volumes released. In particular, the epic anthology will present in high-quality and large-size photos of very precious Chinese paintings in overseas collections. The anthology has already provided scholars with answers to some questions that had puzzled them for years. It is expected that as more volumes to be published, scholars will be able to conduct more research projects on the basis of the paintings.


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(Executive Editor: Xinyu Xie)

 


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10386050 Publishing of Epic Anthology of Ancient Chinese Paintings Underway 一页古画 一页文明 public html

 

“中国历代绘画大系”是一项规模浩大、纵贯历史、横跨中外的国家级重大文化工程,由浙江大学和浙江省文物局编纂出版。项目首次在全世界范围内对现存自先秦至清代的纸、绢(含帛、绫)、麻等材质中国历代绘画作品,在全面系统的调查、整理、考证基础上拟编纂出版62卷200余册,拟入编绘画作品12250余件(套)。其中国内藏品9000余件(套),国外藏品3250余件(套),许多作品都是长期深藏于海内外文博机构的国宝级文物。

 2018年12月12日,“中国历代绘画大系”(以下简称“大系”)之《先秦汉唐画全集》《明画全集》《清画全集》部分卷册在北京国家图书馆首发,这是“大系”编纂工作的最新成果。

这也是继2008年12月《宋画全集》在北京人民大会堂举行首发仪式之后,“大系”的又一次重要文化活动。

 

A “中国历代绘画大系”卷册。.jpg


“大系”是目前全球范围内最大限度地还原中国古代绘画神韵的高精度、大开本图像文献集成。这部皇皇巨册入编作品丰富,画面精美,题跋、印章清晰,集鉴赏性、学术性、收藏性于一体,为欣赏中国古代绘画,厘清其真伪和流传提供了最清晰、最权威的传世图像,是目前研究中国艺术史和文化史的“百科全书”。

从《宋画全集》始,“大系”编纂、出版工作自2005年启动,至今已历时14年。

今日溯源 “大系”的发端,人们看到的是中国乃至世界绘画艺术的一座高峰——宋画。宋画不仅在中国文化史上具有独特的历史地位,亦在全球影响广泛。97岁的著名书画鉴定家、画家陈佩秋曾谈到:“宋代绘画是我国传统艺术的瑰宝和巅峰,中国绘画的继承和出新离不开对宋画的深入研究。”

然而,“自宋以后,大量宋画为历代皇室内府收藏,至清代尤甚,名家杰作多入宫廷,民间无缘得见。清宫解体百年来,所藏宋画或转入故宫博物院等公家机构,或流转海内外,为博物馆和民间所收藏。由于现代社会和教育的发展,宋画研究渐成古书画研究的一个重要领域,几十年来,海内外出版的宋画籍册虽然不少,但却有许多不足,或收集数量有限、或图像不清、或印刷不良等等。少数出版比较好的宋画图集,也局限于个别的馆藏。”可见,唯有先解决“藏用两难”的问题,让宋画“化身千百”,才能给海内外广大鉴赏研究者带来福音。

《宋画全集》诞生之艰难超乎预想,尤其,还要在同类图像出版物中力求“世界一流”。所以,《宋画全集》采用了图像出版物最理想的技术标准:尽量采用8×10英寸大型技术座机对原作进行拍摄。这一标准对作品收集范围、拍摄精度、印刷装帧质量和出版规模的要求之高,至今仍居于业界一流水平。

为再现图像的最真实面貌,90%以上的收藏单位根据项目组提出的技术标准,组织力量或授权项目组重新拍摄,从而使得一万余件中国历代绘画精品的图像首次高质量面世,这其中的艰难可想而知。故宫博物院前任院长、时任国家文物局局长的单霁翔曾说过:“众所周知,古画最好的保存方式就是尽量不打开,让全国各家博物馆专门为《宋画全集》项目提取镇馆古画拍照是极其困难的。”比如,北京故宫博物院珍藏的《千里江山图》,为防开卷后青绿颜色剥落,已整整封存了17年。为拍摄这张杰作,故宫博物院专门召开院长会议反复商议,最后慎重决定由该院资料信息部主任胡锤亲自组织拍摄,前后整整忙碌了一周多的时间。

《宋画全集》中如《千里江山图》这样的作品何止百幅。当初请求海内外一家又一家文博机构打开库房大门,供一个从未有过往来的项目组拍摄镇馆之宝,其难度可想而知。许多海内外友人怀着对中华优秀传统文化的深厚感情,以及对这一文化工程的高度认同,协作共事,感人事例不胜枚举。

流传最广的便是项目团队四次扛着100多公斤重的设备,到日本黑川古文化研究所拍摄其镇馆之宝、五代董源代表作《寒林重汀图》的故事。存于日本的中国绘画,分散在全日本各地的五六十家收藏机构。经历屡次碰壁后,项目组确定首先争取东京国立博物馆、京都国立博物馆、奈良国立博物馆等具有重要影响力的公立博物馆支持。

2006年,通过中国新闻社日本分社同志的联络,项目组两人扛着设备、爬着山路来到“黑川”。由于对方提供的底片不符合要求,又不同意重新拍摄,谈判在三个小时后失败。项目组没有放弃,第二次按预约又去,依然没有成功。回杭后,项目组又反复去信表明心意。日方终于同意拍摄一张整体图,于是有了2007年第三次黑川之行。为项目组的精神所感动,所长同意在理事会会议上帮助陈述补拍局部画面的理由。2008年7月,项目组四进黑川,终于将所需局部拍摄完成。项目组还通过日本书道教育协会会长、澄怀堂文库顾问出面做工作,最终拍摄到藏于澄怀堂文库的(传)宋代李成《乔松平远图》的一整套图像。

同样,美国波士顿美术馆藏有宋徽宗《五色鹦鹉图》、宋佚名《北齐校书图》、宋赵令穰《湖庄清夏图》、(传)宋范宽《雪山楼阁图》、宋陈容《九龙图》等国宝级名迹。馆内对图像管控之严,甚至包括对画作照片的翻拍。经过多年一次次反复沟通,波士顿美术馆终于允诺向项目组提供4×5英寸胶片拍摄的原始图像,最后又同意按照项目组标准重拍。拍摄完成时,馆方向项目组表示感谢。项目组以为听错了,馆方解释道:“我没有表达错。因为《宋画全集》是全世界学术界共同的期待,你们做了一件有意义的工作。”


 清 石溪 山水四景册(春)藏于克利夫兰艺术博物馆.jpg


《宋画全集》面世后,得到了海内外各方面的高度评价,被认为是继整理出版《全宋词》《全宋诗》《全宋文》等宋代典籍后,迄今为止最完整、最权威的宋代绘画总汇,是一次成功的中华图像文献编纂集成,其史料、学术研究和鉴赏等价值,吸引了国内外许多著名高校、图书馆、博物馆、美术馆以及个人收藏。

清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心主任李学勤教授说:“中国是世界上文献遗留最多的国家,但还有很多东西是不能用文字来体现的,《宋画全集》用图像来展示当时的历史、社会、文化,能在很大程度上弥补文字记载的不足。宋画能够比我们读到的各种当时的经史子集告诉我们更多的东西。中国文化要走向世界,中国的艺术和艺术史方面的精髓也应该走向世界,要对人类作出我们的贡献。”

2010年,《宋画全集》拓展为包括《先秦汉唐画全集》《宋画全集》《元画全集》《明画全集》《清画全集》在内的“中国历代绘画大系”项目。

因为“大系”,大量远隔重洋、分散多年的珍贵图像汇聚到了一起。元朝著名画家王冕以“不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤”一诗而妇孺皆知,《元画全集》收入了他分别藏于北京故宫博物院、上海博物馆、美国克里夫兰艺术博物馆、纽约大都会艺术博物馆和日本宫内厅三之丸尚藏馆的7件(套)作品。

超出排查范围的重要作品也陆续出现。美国佛利尔·赛克勒美术馆收藏有极为丰富的中国古代绘画,经过数年申请、访问和调查,该馆数次提供大批藏品。2013年5月,项目组在该馆库房看藏品时,该馆中国书画部主任安明远又主动提供了计划之外的宋代名画《耕作图》元摹本。这张从未被清晰出版过的画作被迅速拍摄,并赶上了数月后《元画全集》的出版。此外,该馆又热情提供了90件(套)明清藏品的全套高清图像,其中包括著名华裔收藏家王方宇捐赠的55件(套)八大山人书画作品。安明远说:“‘大系’工程令全世界都能清晰完整地了解中国古代书画,我们没有理由不支持它。”

波士顿美术馆部门负责人白珍、白玲安又热情邀请“大系”项目组两次进行学术访问,从近200件(套)明清绘画中选定沈周、朱端、唐寅、文徵明、仇英、董其昌等人90多件(套)名作。此后,该馆花了整整一年多时间,按“大系”的图像标准要求进行拍摄。以往只能到文物库房中查阅的这批绘画佳作,都将首次出现在“大系”中。

在《元画全集》即将出版时,83岁的中国绘画史权威、原美国耶鲁大学教授班宗华先生在给项目组的来信中说:“‘中国历代绘画大系’中已经出版的《宋画全集》,是迄今为止关于辉煌的宋代绘画最重要的出版物,这个‘大系’中的《元画全集》也即将出版。我相信,这两个出版物将成为古典艺术史不可替代的永恒记录。‘大系’这套令人惊叹的精美书籍,对于世界最重要的艺术财富之一的保存、研究以及传播,正在作出无与伦比的贡献。她最终将成为一座纪念碑,标志着全世界的中国艺术和文化研究进入了一个新时代。”


据不完全统计,截至目前,海外已有约145家文化机构藏有《宋画全集》或《元画全集》全套或部分卷册。“大系”无疑是中国的文化使者,将中国传统绘画的多彩与瑰丽清晰地呈现于世界。

在“大系”编纂工作的最新成果中,流散在世界各地中华文化瑰宝正在加速汇聚,包括俄罗斯国立艾尔米塔什博物馆馆藏的202件(套)黑水城图像和386件(套)敦煌图像;大英博物馆馆藏的敦煌藏经洞出土的162件(套)敦煌图像;韩国国立中央博物院藏的120余件(套)中国古代绘画,其中17件(套)就是敦煌藏经洞和新疆吐鲁番流失的唐代绘画。以上珍罕藏品的高清图像皆耗数年之功重新拍摄。

艺术史中的许多谜团有望因此被破解,如古代书画领域的“双胞胎”“多胞胎”现象。比如,冠以文徵明名下的一组构图雷同的立轴《停云馆言别图》,学界通常认为有4件,分别藏于上海博物馆、天津博物馆、台北故宫博物院和日本桥本末吉手中。其实,还有类似的作品存世。2015年4月,德国柏林国家博物馆亚洲艺术馆将闭馆四年进行修建,项目组赶在这之前连续工作半个月,拍摄了120件(套)作品,其中又发现了文徵明类似的作品。他们甚至还拍到了明代画家夏昶创作《湘江春雨》时图上留下的两个清晰指纹。

目前,《先秦汉唐画全集》第一卷(2册),《宋画全集(续编)》(2册),《明画全集》佚名卷(5册)、唐寅卷(2册)、仇英卷(2册)、徐渭卷(3册)已出版。今年还将陆续出版《明画全集》宫廷画家卷(5册)、浙派画家卷(5册)、早期文人画家卷(3册)、沈周卷(5册)、文徵明卷(4册)、陈道复卷(4册)、董其昌卷(4册)、陈洪绶卷(3册)等,《清画全集》王时敏卷(2册)、王鉴卷(3册)、王翬与虞山画派卷(8册)、王原祁与娄东画派卷(7册)、弘仁卷(2册)、石溪卷(2册)、八大山人卷(5册)、石涛卷(8册)、萧云从与姑孰画派卷(1册)、梅清卷(3册)、龚贤卷(3册)、吴昌硕卷(3册)等。随着“大系”的陆续出版,这些埋藏着大量信息密码的作品,必将给各方学者提供新的研究视角。


宋陈容《九龙图》藏于美国波士顿美术馆。.jpg

 


Publishing of Epic Anthology of Ancient Chinese Paintings Underway


December 12, 2018 witnessed the launching of some volumes of A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Pre-Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Ming Dynasty and A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Qing Dynasty. The launching ceremony was held at the China National Library in Beijing.

 

The latest release of the ancient paintings marks the publishing of A Grand Anthology of Paintings of Ancient China, an ambitious cultural project jointly undertaken by Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Cultural Heritage Administration.

 

The university and the administration were not so ambitious at first. It focused upon the unprecedented task of putting together and publishing A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Song Dynasty. The decisions made about the collection determined how the project would go. Most photos already published in the volumes were taken with the 8 x 10 camera and some with the 4 x 5 camera. Paintings are presented not only in whole but also in separate details. Inscriptions and seals on these paintings are also important part of the anthology.   

 

It took professors and photographers about six years and tens of millions of funds to visit more than 100 museums and other institutions to photo more than 1,000 authentic paintings of the Song.

 

There was a reason to focus on the paintings of the Song. The Song (960-11279) was one of a few periods in which culture flourished and became extremely refined. A Complete Collection of Ci-Poetry of the Song Dynasty, A Complete Collection of Poetry of the Song Dynasty, and A Complete Collection of Essay Writings of the Song Dynasty testify to the glory and excellence of the literature of the dynasty. A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Song Dynasty adds to this treasure house.

 

The biggest challenge for the task force was to get permissions from overseas institutional collectors to photo Chinese paintings in their possession. In Japan alone, over fifty institutions have precious paintings of ancient China in their collections. They said no many times to applications for taking photos from the anthology project team. The project team then turned to public museums for breakthroughs and scored successes there. Then the team obtained permissions from non-public institutions. It took about four visits in about two years and many rounds of negotiations for the project to photograph a single painting by Dong Yuan housed at Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures.

 

Since it came out in 2018, the Song collection has caught the worldwide attention of high-learning institutions, libraries, museums and art galleries and individuals. Some scholars have compared this collection with the above mentioned collections of poetries and writings of the Song.

 

宋徽宗《五色鹦鹉图》藏于美国波士顿美术馆。.jpg


With the success of the Song collection, the project team decided to expand the undertaking and include all the available and known ancient Chinese paintings. At present, the project schedules to publish a total of 12,250 pieces (sets) of paintings made on different media such as paper and fabric. Over 9,000 are from domestic collections where over 3,250 are in overseas collections across the world. The epic anthology is the first of its kind in Chinese history. The number of paintings scheduled to be included comprises almost all available and known Chinese paintings of ancient times into volumes classified into different dynasties.

 

The project team has conducted thorough researches at overseas museums. Some museums at first didn’t have a complete knowledge of what were in their storage rooms. With the success of the Song collection, these museums have become willing to open the door to the project. Some were enthusiastic because they saw the significance of the Grand Anthology. The overseas research trips have stumbled upon some ancient paintings that have never been published before. The Freer Gallery of Art provided a large number of Chinese paintings for the project team to examine and photograph. The project team has been invited over to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston to take a look at nearly 200 paintings that go back to the Ming and the Qing respectively. The team decided upon about 90 pieces and sets of paintings by big names such as Shen Zhou, Zhu Duan, Wen Zhengming, Qiu Ying, and Dong Qichang. The museum spent a year photographing these masterpieces at the request of the project team and in compliance with the requirements set by the team.

 

At present, over 145 overseas cultural institutions have taken whole or part of A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Ming Dynasty and A Complete Collection of Paintings of the Qing Dynasty into their collections.

 

The year 2019 will see more volumes released. In particular, the epic anthology will present in high-quality and large-size photos of very precious Chinese paintings in overseas collections. The anthology has already provided scholars with answers to some questions that had puzzled them for years. It is expected that as more volumes to be published, scholars will be able to conduct more research projects on the basis of the paintings.


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(Executive Editor: Xinyu Xie)

 


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